pacman::p_load(olsrr, corrplot, ggpubr, sf, sfdep, GWmodel, tmap, tidyverse, gtsummary, ggstatsplot)In Class Exercise 7 - Calibrating Hedonic Pricing Model for Private Highrise Property with GWR Method
Part 1 : Load data and packages
SG Data
mpsz = st_read(dsn = "data/geospatial", layer = "MP14_SUBZONE_WEB_PL")Reading layer `MP14_SUBZONE_WEB_PL' from data source
`/home/kieren/SMU_MITB/ISSS626/ISSS626-KierenChua/InClassEx/InClassEx07/data/geospatial'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 323 features and 15 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 2667.538 ymin: 15748.72 xmax: 56396.44 ymax: 50256.33
Projected CRS: SVY21mpsz_svy21 <- st_transform(mpsz, 3414)
st_crs(mpsz_svy21)Coordinate Reference System:
User input: EPSG:3414
wkt:
PROJCRS["SVY21 / Singapore TM",
BASEGEOGCRS["SVY21",
DATUM["SVY21",
ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
ID["EPSG",4757]],
CONVERSION["Singapore Transverse Mercator",
METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
ID["EPSG",9807]],
PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",1.36666666666667,
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
ID["EPSG",8801]],
PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",103.833333333333,
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
ID["EPSG",8802]],
PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,
SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
ID["EPSG",8805]],
PARAMETER["False easting",28001.642,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
ID["EPSG",8806]],
PARAMETER["False northing",38744.572,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
ID["EPSG",8807]]],
CS[Cartesian,2],
AXIS["northing (N)",north,
ORDER[1],
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
AXIS["easting (E)",east,
ORDER[2],
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
USAGE[
SCOPE["Cadastre, engineering survey, topographic mapping."],
AREA["Singapore - onshore and offshore."],
BBOX[1.13,103.59,1.47,104.07]],
ID["EPSG",3414]]st_bbox(mpsz_svy21) #view extent xmin ymin xmax ymax
2667.538 15748.721 56396.440 50256.334 Condo Data
We shall load in the one from the Hands-On Exercise
condo_resale = read_csv("data/aspatial/Condo_resale_2015.csv")Rows: 1436 Columns: 23
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
dbl (23): LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, POSTCODE, SELLING_PRICE, AREA_SQM, AGE, PROX_...
ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.glimpse(condo_resale)Rows: 1,436
Columns: 23
$ LATITUDE <dbl> 1.287145, 1.328698, 1.313727, 1.308563, 1.321437,…
$ LONGITUDE <dbl> 103.7802, 103.8123, 103.7971, 103.8247, 103.9505,…
$ POSTCODE <dbl> 118635, 288420, 267833, 258380, 467169, 466472, 3…
$ SELLING_PRICE <dbl> 3000000, 3880000, 3325000, 4250000, 1400000, 1320…
$ AREA_SQM <dbl> 309, 290, 248, 127, 145, 139, 218, 141, 165, 168,…
$ AGE <dbl> 30, 32, 33, 7, 28, 22, 24, 24, 27, 31, 17, 22, 6,…
$ PROX_CBD <dbl> 7.941259, 6.609797, 6.898000, 4.038861, 11.783402…
$ PROX_CHILDCARE <dbl> 0.16597932, 0.28027246, 0.42922669, 0.39473543, 0…
$ PROX_ELDERLYCARE <dbl> 2.5198118, 1.9333338, 0.5021395, 1.9910316, 1.121…
$ PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA <dbl> 6.618741, 7.505109, 6.463887, 4.906512, 6.410632,…
$ PROX_HAWKER_MARKET <dbl> 1.76542207, 0.54507614, 0.37789301, 1.68259969, 0…
$ PROX_KINDERGARTEN <dbl> 0.05835552, 0.61592412, 0.14120309, 0.38200076, 0…
$ PROX_MRT <dbl> 0.5607188, 0.6584461, 0.3053433, 0.6910183, 0.528…
$ PROX_PARK <dbl> 1.1710446, 0.1992269, 0.2779886, 0.9832843, 0.116…
$ PROX_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl> 1.6340256, 0.9747834, 1.4715016, 1.4546324, 0.709…
$ PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl> 3.3273195, 0.9747834, 1.4715016, 2.3006394, 0.709…
$ PROX_SHOPPING_MALL <dbl> 2.2102717, 2.9374279, 1.2256850, 0.3525671, 1.307…
$ PROX_SUPERMARKET <dbl> 0.9103958, 0.5900617, 0.4135583, 0.4162219, 0.581…
$ PROX_BUS_STOP <dbl> 0.10336166, 0.28673408, 0.28504777, 0.29872340, 0…
$ NO_Of_UNITS <dbl> 18, 20, 27, 30, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 34, 34, 3…
$ FAMILY_FRIENDLY <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
$ FREEHOLD <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1…
$ LEASEHOLD_99YR <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…head(condo_resale$LONGITUDE) #see the data in XCOORD column[1] 103.7802 103.8123 103.7971 103.8247 103.9505 103.9386head(condo_resale$LATITUDE) #see the data in YCOORD column[1] 1.287145 1.328698 1.313727 1.308563 1.321437 1.314198summary(condo_resale) LATITUDE LONGITUDE POSTCODE SELLING_PRICE
Min. :1.240 Min. :103.7 Min. : 18965 Min. : 540000
1st Qu.:1.309 1st Qu.:103.8 1st Qu.:259849 1st Qu.: 1100000
Median :1.328 Median :103.8 Median :469298 Median : 1383222
Mean :1.334 Mean :103.8 Mean :440439 Mean : 1751211
3rd Qu.:1.357 3rd Qu.:103.9 3rd Qu.:589486 3rd Qu.: 1950000
Max. :1.454 Max. :104.0 Max. :828833 Max. :18000000
AREA_SQM AGE PROX_CBD PROX_CHILDCARE
Min. : 34.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.3869 Min. :0.004927
1st Qu.:103.0 1st Qu.: 5.00 1st Qu.: 5.5574 1st Qu.:0.174481
Median :121.0 Median :11.00 Median : 9.3567 Median :0.258135
Mean :136.5 Mean :12.14 Mean : 9.3254 Mean :0.326313
3rd Qu.:156.0 3rd Qu.:18.00 3rd Qu.:12.6661 3rd Qu.:0.368293
Max. :619.0 Max. :37.00 Max. :19.1804 Max. :3.465726
PROX_ELDERLYCARE PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA PROX_HAWKER_MARKET PROX_KINDERGARTEN
Min. :0.05451 Min. :0.2145 Min. :0.05182 Min. :0.004927
1st Qu.:0.61254 1st Qu.:3.1643 1st Qu.:0.55245 1st Qu.:0.276345
Median :0.94179 Median :4.6186 Median :0.90842 Median :0.413385
Mean :1.05351 Mean :4.5981 Mean :1.27987 Mean :0.458903
3rd Qu.:1.35122 3rd Qu.:5.7550 3rd Qu.:1.68578 3rd Qu.:0.578474
Max. :3.94916 Max. :9.1554 Max. :5.37435 Max. :2.229045
PROX_MRT PROX_PARK PROX_PRIMARY_SCH PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH
Min. :0.05278 Min. :0.02906 Min. :0.07711 Min. :0.07711
1st Qu.:0.34646 1st Qu.:0.26211 1st Qu.:0.44024 1st Qu.:1.34451
Median :0.57430 Median :0.39926 Median :0.63505 Median :1.88213
Mean :0.67316 Mean :0.49802 Mean :0.75471 Mean :2.27347
3rd Qu.:0.84844 3rd Qu.:0.65592 3rd Qu.:0.95104 3rd Qu.:2.90954
Max. :3.48037 Max. :2.16105 Max. :3.92899 Max. :6.74819
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL PROX_SUPERMARKET PROX_BUS_STOP NO_Of_UNITS
Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.001595 Min. : 18.0
1st Qu.:0.5258 1st Qu.:0.3695 1st Qu.:0.098356 1st Qu.: 188.8
Median :0.9357 Median :0.5687 Median :0.151710 Median : 360.0
Mean :1.0455 Mean :0.6141 Mean :0.193974 Mean : 409.2
3rd Qu.:1.3994 3rd Qu.:0.7862 3rd Qu.:0.220466 3rd Qu.: 590.0
Max. :3.4774 Max. :2.2441 Max. :2.476639 Max. :1703.0
FAMILY_FRIENDLY FREEHOLD LEASEHOLD_99YR
Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000
1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000
Median :0.0000 Median :0.0000 Median :0.0000
Mean :0.4868 Mean :0.4227 Mean :0.4882
3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000
Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Convert to point data
condo_resale.sf <- st_as_sf(condo_resale,
coords = c("LONGITUDE", "LATITUDE"),
crs=4326) %>% # Originally in WGS84 Coordinate systemo
st_transform(crs=3414) # Singapore coordinate system
head(condo_resale.sf)Simple feature collection with 6 features and 21 fields
Geometry type: POINT
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 22085.12 ymin: 29951.54 xmax: 41042.56 ymax: 34546.2
Projected CRS: SVY21 / Singapore TM
# A tibble: 6 × 22
POSTCODE SELLING_PRICE AREA_SQM AGE PROX_CBD PROX_CHILDCARE PROX_ELDERLYCARE
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 118635 3000000 309 30 7.94 0.166 2.52
2 288420 3880000 290 32 6.61 0.280 1.93
3 267833 3325000 248 33 6.90 0.429 0.502
4 258380 4250000 127 7 4.04 0.395 1.99
5 467169 1400000 145 28 11.8 0.119 1.12
6 466472 1320000 139 22 10.3 0.125 0.789
# ℹ 15 more variables: PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA <dbl>, PROX_HAWKER_MARKET <dbl>,
# PROX_KINDERGARTEN <dbl>, PROX_MRT <dbl>, PROX_PARK <dbl>,
# PROX_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl>, PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl>,
# PROX_SHOPPING_MALL <dbl>, PROX_SUPERMARKET <dbl>, PROX_BUS_STOP <dbl>,
# NO_Of_UNITS <dbl>, FAMILY_FRIENDLY <dbl>, FREEHOLD <dbl>,
# LEASEHOLD_99YR <dbl>, geometry <POINT [m]>Part 2 : Exploratoy Data Analysis using ggstatsplot
ggcorrmat(condo_resale[, 5:23])
condo_mlr <- lm(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE +
PROX_CBD + PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE +
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA + PROX_HAWKER_MARKET + PROX_KINDERGARTEN +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH +
PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH + PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_SUPERMARKET +
PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS + FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD + LEASEHOLD_99YR,
data=condo_resale.sf)
summary(condo_mlr)
Call:
lm(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD + PROX_CHILDCARE +
PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA + PROX_HAWKER_MARKET +
PROX_KINDERGARTEN + PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH +
PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH + PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_SUPERMARKET +
PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS + FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD +
LEASEHOLD_99YR, data = condo_resale.sf)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-3471036 -286903 -22426 239412 12254549
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 543071.4 136210.9 3.987 7.03e-05 ***
AREA_SQM 12688.7 370.1 34.283 < 2e-16 ***
AGE -24566.0 2766.0 -8.881 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CBD -78122.0 6791.4 -11.503 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CHILDCARE -333219.0 111020.3 -3.001 0.002734 **
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 170950.0 42110.8 4.060 5.19e-05 ***
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 38507.6 12523.7 3.075 0.002147 **
PROX_HAWKER_MARKET 23801.2 29299.9 0.812 0.416739
PROX_KINDERGARTEN 144098.0 82738.7 1.742 0.081795 .
PROX_MRT -322775.9 58528.1 -5.515 4.14e-08 ***
PROX_PARK 564487.9 66563.0 8.481 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 186170.5 65515.2 2.842 0.004553 **
PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH -477.1 20598.0 -0.023 0.981525
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -207721.5 42855.5 -4.847 1.39e-06 ***
PROX_SUPERMARKET -48074.7 77145.3 -0.623 0.533273
PROX_BUS_STOP 675755.0 138552.0 4.877 1.20e-06 ***
NO_Of_UNITS -216.2 90.3 -2.394 0.016797 *
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 142128.3 47055.1 3.020 0.002569 **
FREEHOLD 300646.5 77296.5 3.890 0.000105 ***
LEASEHOLD_99YR -77137.4 77570.9 -0.994 0.320192
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 755800 on 1416 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.652, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6474
F-statistic: 139.6 on 19 and 1416 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Part 2 : Model Assessment : olsrr method
Regression
ols_regress(condo_mlr) Model Summary
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R 0.807 RMSE 750537.537
R-Squared 0.652 MSE 571262902261.223
Adj. R-Squared 0.647 Coef. Var 43.160
Pred R-Squared 0.637 AIC 42971.173
MAE 412117.987 SBC 43081.835
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMSE: Root Mean Square Error
MSE: Mean Square Error
MAE: Mean Absolute Error
AIC: Akaike Information Criteria
SBC: Schwarz Bayesian Criteria
ANOVA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sum of
Squares DF Mean Square F Sig.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regression 1.515738e+15 19 7.977571e+13 139.648 0.0000
Residual 8.089083e+14 1416 571262902261.223
Total 2.324647e+15 1435
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Estimates
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
model Beta Std. Error Std. Beta t Sig lower upper
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Intercept) 543071.420 136210.918 3.987 0.000 275874.535 810268.305
AREA_SQM 12688.669 370.119 0.579 34.283 0.000 11962.627 13414.710
AGE -24566.001 2766.041 -0.166 -8.881 0.000 -29991.980 -19140.022
PROX_CBD -78121.985 6791.377 -0.267 -11.503 0.000 -91444.227 -64799.744
PROX_CHILDCARE -333219.036 111020.303 -0.087 -3.001 0.003 -551000.984 -115437.089
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 170949.961 42110.748 0.083 4.060 0.000 88343.803 253556.120
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 38507.622 12523.661 0.059 3.075 0.002 13940.700 63074.545
PROX_HAWKER_MARKET 23801.197 29299.923 0.019 0.812 0.417 -33674.725 81277.120
PROX_KINDERGARTEN 144097.972 82738.669 0.030 1.742 0.082 -18205.570 306401.514
PROX_MRT -322775.874 58528.079 -0.123 -5.515 0.000 -437586.937 -207964.811
PROX_PARK 564487.876 66563.011 0.148 8.481 0.000 433915.162 695060.590
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 186170.524 65515.193 0.072 2.842 0.005 57653.253 314687.795
PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH -477.073 20597.972 -0.001 -0.023 0.982 -40882.894 39928.747
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -207721.520 42855.500 -0.109 -4.847 0.000 -291788.613 -123654.427
PROX_SUPERMARKET -48074.679 77145.257 -0.012 -0.623 0.533 -199405.956 103256.599
PROX_BUS_STOP 675755.044 138551.991 0.133 4.877 0.000 403965.817 947544.272
NO_Of_UNITS -216.180 90.302 -0.046 -2.394 0.017 -393.320 -39.040
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 142128.272 47055.082 0.056 3.020 0.003 49823.107 234433.438
FREEHOLD 300646.543 77296.529 0.117 3.890 0.000 149018.525 452274.561
LEASEHOLD_99YR -77137.375 77570.869 -0.030 -0.994 0.320 -229303.551 75028.801
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Need to remove non-significant values, (Sig > 0.05)
Multicolinearity
# Free hold and leasehold is binary format, so is
# dummy variable, wont affect overall calibration
ols_vif_tol(condo_mlr) Variables Tolerance VIF
1 AREA_SQM 0.8601326 1.162611
2 AGE 0.7011585 1.426211
3 PROX_CBD 0.4575471 2.185567
4 PROX_CHILDCARE 0.2898233 3.450378
5 PROX_ELDERLYCARE 0.5922238 1.688551
6 PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 0.6614081 1.511926
7 PROX_HAWKER_MARKET 0.4373874 2.286303
8 PROX_KINDERGARTEN 0.8356793 1.196631
9 PROX_MRT 0.4949877 2.020252
10 PROX_PARK 0.8015728 1.247547
11 PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 0.3823248 2.615577
12 PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH 0.4878620 2.049760
13 PROX_SHOPPING_MALL 0.4903052 2.039546
14 PROX_SUPERMARKET 0.6142127 1.628100
15 PROX_BUS_STOP 0.3311024 3.020213
16 NO_Of_UNITS 0.6543336 1.528272
17 FAMILY_FRIENDLY 0.7191719 1.390488
18 FREEHOLD 0.2728521 3.664990
19 LEASEHOLD_99YR 0.2645988 3.779307If any VIF values is between 0 and 5 is ok, 5 to 10 may have issue, above 10 definitely have issue and reject using one of the variable that have high VIF.
Binary variables (Yes/No) wont really affect model calibration, but continous values will affect the models.
Variable Selection
We can run step wise regression so that we can select variables. We add/remove variables one by one so that we can see the effect of each varaible on the R^2 values.
Afterwards it saves the model and choses the variables where the p-value is less than whatever you set
# Step forward, add variables one by one, using p value as criteria for varable selection
condo_fw_mlr <- ols_step_forward_p(condo_mlr,
p_val = 0.05,
details = FALSE)You can set the details to TRUE if you want to see process
plot(condo_fw_mlr)
ggcoefstats(condo_mlr,
sort = "ascending")Number of labels is greater than default palette color count.
• Select another color `palette` (and/or `package`).
Test for Linearity
We can test for linearity
ols_plot_resid_fit(condo_fw_mlr$model)
ols_plot_resid_hist(condo_fw_mlr$model)
ols_test_normality(condo_fw_mlr$model)Warning in ks.test.default(y, "pnorm", mean(y), sd(y)): ties should not be
present for the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test-----------------------------------------------
Test Statistic pvalue
-----------------------------------------------
Shapiro-Wilk 0.6856 0.0000
Kolmogorov-Smirnov 0.1366 0.0000
Cramer-von Mises 121.0768 0.0000
Anderson-Darling 67.9551 0.0000
-----------------------------------------------Reject the p-value > 0.05.
Testing for Spatial Autocorrelation
mlr_output <- as.data.frame(condo_fw_mlr$model$residuals) %>%
rename("FW_MLR_RES" = 'condo_fw_mlr$model$residuals')condo_resale.sf <- cbind(condo_resale.sf, mlr_output$FW_MLR_RES) %>%
rename('MLR_RES' = 'mlr_output.FW_MLR_RES')tmap_mode("view")tmap mode set to interactive viewingtmap_options(check.and.fix = TRUE)
tm_shape(mpsz) +
tmap_options(check.and.fix = TRUE) +
tm_polygons(alpha = 0.4) +
tm_shape(condo_resale.sf) +
tm_dots(col = "MLR_RES",
alpha = 0.6,
style = "quantile")Warning: The shape mpsz is invalid (after reprojection). See sf::st_is_validVariable(s) "MLR_RES" contains positive and negative values, so midpoint is set to 0. Set midpoint = NA to show the full spectrum of the color palette.tmap_mode("plot")tmap mode set to plottingShows use the price variation between actual vs expected price. Positive values mean that estimated prices is higher than actual price, while negative values mean estimated prices is lower than actual price.
Moran’s I Test
We can test the residuals are spatially independent. If they aren’t independent, you know that there are other spatial factors in play.
condo_resale.sf <- condo_resale.sf %>%
mutate(nb = st_knn(geometry, k=6, longlat =FALSE),
wt = st_weights(nb, style = 'W'),
.before= 1)global_moran_perm(condo_resale.sf$MLR_RES,
condo_resale.sf$nb,
condo_resale.sf$wt,
alternative = "two.sided",
nsim = 99)
Monte-Carlo simulation of Moran I
data: x
weights: listw
number of simulations + 1: 100
statistic = 0.32254, observed rank = 100, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: two.sidedSince p value < 0.05, reject null hypothesis that the residuals are randomly distributed and since moran’s I is > 1, there are signs of clustering
Building Hedonic Pricing models using GWModel
Fixed bandwidth
bw.fixed <- bw.gwr(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD +
PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH +
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS +
FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data=condo_resale.sf,
approach="CV",
kernel="gaussian", # Have to be gaussian afterwards as well
adaptive=FALSE, # Fixed distance
longlat=FALSE)Fixed bandwidth: 17660.96 CV score: 8.259118e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 10917.26 CV score: 7.970454e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 6749.419 CV score: 7.273273e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 4173.553 CV score: 6.300006e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 2581.58 CV score: 5.404958e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 1597.687 CV score: 4.857515e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 989.6077 CV score: 4.722431e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 613.7939 CV score: 1.378294e+16
Fixed bandwidth: 1221.873 CV score: 4.778717e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 846.0596 CV score: 4.791629e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 1078.325 CV score: 4.751406e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 934.7772 CV score: 4.72518e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 1023.495 CV score: 4.730305e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 968.6643 CV score: 4.721317e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 955.7206 CV score: 4.722072e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 976.6639 CV score: 4.721387e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 963.7202 CV score: 4.721484e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.7199 CV score: 4.721293e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 973.6083 CV score: 4.721309e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 970.5527 CV score: 4.721295e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 972.4412 CV score: 4.721296e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.2741 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 970.9985 CV score: 4.721293e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.4443 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.5496 CV score: 4.721293e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3793 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3391 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3143 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3545 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.364 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3486 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.345 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3508 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3472 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3464 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3477 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3469 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3474 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3471 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3473 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3473 CV score: 4.721292e+14
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3474 CV score: 4.721292e+14 gwr_fixed <- gwr.basic(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD +
PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH +
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS +
FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data=condo_resale.sf,
bw=bw.fixed,
kernel="gaussian", # Have to be gaussian beforewards as well
longlat=FALSE)gwr_fixed ***********************************************************************
* Package GWmodel *
***********************************************************************
Program starts at: 2024-10-15 20:12:40.925421
Call:
gwr.basic(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD +
PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH + PROX_SHOPPING_MALL +
PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS + FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data = condo_resale.sf, bw = bw.fixed, kernel = "gaussian",
longlat = FALSE)
Dependent (y) variable: SELLING_PRICE
Independent variables: AREA_SQM AGE PROX_CBD PROX_CHILDCARE PROX_ELDERLYCARE PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA PROX_MRT PROX_PARK PROX_PRIMARY_SCH PROX_SHOPPING_MALL PROX_BUS_STOP NO_Of_UNITS FAMILY_FRIENDLY FREEHOLD
Number of data points: 1436
***********************************************************************
* Results of Global Regression *
***********************************************************************
Call:
lm(formula = formula, data = data)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-3470778 -298119 -23481 248917 12234210
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 527633.22 108183.22 4.877 1.20e-06 ***
AREA_SQM 12777.52 367.48 34.771 < 2e-16 ***
AGE -24687.74 2754.84 -8.962 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CBD -77131.32 5763.12 -13.384 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CHILDCARE -318472.75 107959.51 -2.950 0.003231 **
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 185575.62 39901.86 4.651 3.61e-06 ***
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 39163.25 11754.83 3.332 0.000885 ***
PROX_MRT -294745.11 56916.37 -5.179 2.56e-07 ***
PROX_PARK 570504.81 65507.03 8.709 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 159856.14 60234.60 2.654 0.008046 **
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -220947.25 36561.83 -6.043 1.93e-09 ***
PROX_BUS_STOP 682482.22 134513.24 5.074 4.42e-07 ***
NO_Of_UNITS -245.48 87.95 -2.791 0.005321 **
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 146307.58 46893.02 3.120 0.001845 **
FREEHOLD 350599.81 48506.48 7.228 7.98e-13 ***
---Significance stars
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 756000 on 1421 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.6507
Adjusted R-squared: 0.6472
F-statistic: 189.1 on 14 and 1421 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
***Extra Diagnostic information
Residual sum of squares: 8.120609e+14
Sigma(hat): 752522.9
AIC: 42966.76
AICc: 42967.14
BIC: 41731.39
***********************************************************************
* Results of Geographically Weighted Regression *
***********************************************************************
*********************Model calibration information*********************
Kernel function: gaussian
Fixed bandwidth: 971.3473
Regression points: the same locations as observations are used.
Distance metric: Euclidean distance metric is used.
****************Summary of GWR coefficient estimates:******************
Min. 1st Qu. Median 3rd Qu.
Intercept -3.5988e+07 -5.1997e+05 7.6782e+05 1.7412e+06
AREA_SQM 1.0003e+03 5.2758e+03 7.4740e+03 1.2301e+04
AGE -1.3475e+05 -2.0813e+04 -8.6260e+03 -3.7783e+03
PROX_CBD -7.7046e+07 -2.3608e+05 -8.3602e+04 3.4637e+04
PROX_CHILDCARE -6.0096e+06 -3.3667e+05 -9.7423e+04 2.9009e+05
PROX_ELDERLYCARE -3.4998e+06 -1.5970e+05 3.1973e+04 1.9577e+05
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA -3.0169e+06 -8.2012e+04 7.0749e+04 2.2611e+05
PROX_MRT -3.5282e+06 -6.5834e+05 -1.8833e+05 3.6917e+04
PROX_PARK -1.2062e+06 -2.1731e+05 3.5383e+04 4.1334e+05
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH -2.2694e+07 -1.7066e+05 4.8474e+04 5.1556e+05
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -7.2583e+06 -1.6684e+05 -1.0522e+04 1.5923e+05
PROX_BUS_STOP -1.4676e+06 -4.5200e+04 3.7601e+05 1.1664e+06
NO_Of_UNITS -1.3170e+03 -2.4822e+02 -3.0846e+01 2.5495e+02
FAMILY_FRIENDLY -2.2749e+06 -1.1139e+05 7.6212e+03 1.6107e+05
FREEHOLD -9.2064e+06 3.8071e+04 1.5169e+05 3.7528e+05
Max.
Intercept 112782086
AREA_SQM 21575
AGE 434178
PROX_CBD 2704493
PROX_CHILDCARE 1654104
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 38867215
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 78514768
PROX_MRT 3124196
PROX_PARK 18122239
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 4637331
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL 1529937
PROX_BUS_STOP 11341842
NO_Of_UNITS 12907
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 1720734
FREEHOLD 6073565
************************Diagnostic information*************************
Number of data points: 1436
Effective number of parameters (2trace(S) - trace(S'S)): 438.3775
Effective degrees of freedom (n-2trace(S) + trace(S'S)): 997.6225
AICc (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002, p. 61, eq 2.33): 42263.61
AIC (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002,GWR p. 96, eq. 4.22): 41632.37
BIC (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002,GWR p. 61, eq. 2.34): 42515.7
Residual sum of squares: 2.534087e+14
R-square value: 0.8909904
Adjusted R-square value: 0.8430412
***********************************************************************
Program stops at: 2024-10-15 20:12:41.638388 Adaptive Bandwidth
bw_adaptive <- bw.gwr(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE +
PROX_CBD + PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE +
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA + PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK +
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH + PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_BUS_STOP +
NO_Of_UNITS + FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data=condo_resale.sf,
approach="CV",
kernel="gaussian", # Have to be gaussian afterwards as well
adaptive=TRUE,
longlat=FALSE)Adaptive bandwidth: 895 CV score: 7.952401e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 561 CV score: 7.667364e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 354 CV score: 6.953454e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 226 CV score: 6.15223e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 147 CV score: 5.674373e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 98 CV score: 5.426745e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 68 CV score: 5.168117e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 49 CV score: 4.859631e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 37 CV score: 4.646518e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 30 CV score: 4.422088e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 25 CV score: 4.430816e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 32 CV score: 4.505602e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 27 CV score: 4.462172e+14
Adaptive bandwidth: 30 CV score: 4.422088e+14 bw_adaptive[1] 30gwr_adaptive <- gwr.basic(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD +
PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH +
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL + PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS +
FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data=condo_resale.sf,
bw=bw_adaptive,
adaptive =TRUE,
kernel="gaussian", # Have to be gaussian beforewards as well
longlat=FALSE)gwr_adaptive ***********************************************************************
* Package GWmodel *
***********************************************************************
Program starts at: 2024-10-15 20:12:46.998375
Call:
gwr.basic(formula = SELLING_PRICE ~ AREA_SQM + AGE + PROX_CBD +
PROX_CHILDCARE + PROX_ELDERLYCARE + PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA +
PROX_MRT + PROX_PARK + PROX_PRIMARY_SCH + PROX_SHOPPING_MALL +
PROX_BUS_STOP + NO_Of_UNITS + FAMILY_FRIENDLY + FREEHOLD,
data = condo_resale.sf, bw = bw_adaptive, kernel = "gaussian",
adaptive = TRUE, longlat = FALSE)
Dependent (y) variable: SELLING_PRICE
Independent variables: AREA_SQM AGE PROX_CBD PROX_CHILDCARE PROX_ELDERLYCARE PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA PROX_MRT PROX_PARK PROX_PRIMARY_SCH PROX_SHOPPING_MALL PROX_BUS_STOP NO_Of_UNITS FAMILY_FRIENDLY FREEHOLD
Number of data points: 1436
***********************************************************************
* Results of Global Regression *
***********************************************************************
Call:
lm(formula = formula, data = data)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-3470778 -298119 -23481 248917 12234210
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 527633.22 108183.22 4.877 1.20e-06 ***
AREA_SQM 12777.52 367.48 34.771 < 2e-16 ***
AGE -24687.74 2754.84 -8.962 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CBD -77131.32 5763.12 -13.384 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_CHILDCARE -318472.75 107959.51 -2.950 0.003231 **
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 185575.62 39901.86 4.651 3.61e-06 ***
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 39163.25 11754.83 3.332 0.000885 ***
PROX_MRT -294745.11 56916.37 -5.179 2.56e-07 ***
PROX_PARK 570504.81 65507.03 8.709 < 2e-16 ***
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 159856.14 60234.60 2.654 0.008046 **
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -220947.25 36561.83 -6.043 1.93e-09 ***
PROX_BUS_STOP 682482.22 134513.24 5.074 4.42e-07 ***
NO_Of_UNITS -245.48 87.95 -2.791 0.005321 **
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 146307.58 46893.02 3.120 0.001845 **
FREEHOLD 350599.81 48506.48 7.228 7.98e-13 ***
---Significance stars
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 756000 on 1421 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.6507
Adjusted R-squared: 0.6472
F-statistic: 189.1 on 14 and 1421 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
***Extra Diagnostic information
Residual sum of squares: 8.120609e+14
Sigma(hat): 752522.9
AIC: 42966.76
AICc: 42967.14
BIC: 41731.39
***********************************************************************
* Results of Geographically Weighted Regression *
***********************************************************************
*********************Model calibration information*********************
Kernel function: gaussian
Adaptive bandwidth: 30 (number of nearest neighbours)
Regression points: the same locations as observations are used.
Distance metric: Euclidean distance metric is used.
****************Summary of GWR coefficient estimates:******************
Min. 1st Qu. Median 3rd Qu.
Intercept -1.3487e+08 -2.4669e+05 7.7928e+05 1.6194e+06
AREA_SQM 3.3188e+03 5.6285e+03 7.7825e+03 1.2738e+04
AGE -9.6746e+04 -2.9288e+04 -1.4043e+04 -5.6119e+03
PROX_CBD -2.5330e+06 -1.6256e+05 -7.7242e+04 2.6624e+03
PROX_CHILDCARE -1.2790e+06 -2.0175e+05 8.7158e+03 3.7778e+05
PROX_ELDERLYCARE -1.6212e+06 -9.2050e+04 6.1029e+04 2.8184e+05
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA -7.2686e+06 -3.0350e+04 4.5869e+04 2.4613e+05
PROX_MRT -4.3781e+07 -6.7282e+05 -2.2115e+05 -7.4593e+04
PROX_PARK -2.9020e+06 -1.6782e+05 1.1601e+05 4.6572e+05
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH -8.6418e+05 -1.6627e+05 -7.7853e+03 4.3222e+05
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL -1.8272e+06 -1.3175e+05 -1.4049e+04 1.3799e+05
PROX_BUS_STOP -2.0579e+06 -7.1461e+04 4.1104e+05 1.2071e+06
NO_Of_UNITS -2.1993e+03 -2.3685e+02 -3.4699e+01 1.1657e+02
FAMILY_FRIENDLY -5.9879e+05 -5.0927e+04 2.6173e+04 2.2481e+05
FREEHOLD -1.6340e+05 4.0765e+04 1.9023e+05 3.7960e+05
Max.
Intercept 18758355
AREA_SQM 23064
AGE 13303
PROX_CBD 11346650
PROX_CHILDCARE 2892127
PROX_ELDERLYCARE 2465671
PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA 7384059
PROX_MRT 1186242
PROX_PARK 2588497
PROX_PRIMARY_SCH 3381462
PROX_SHOPPING_MALL 38038564
PROX_BUS_STOP 12081592
NO_Of_UNITS 1010
FAMILY_FRIENDLY 2072414
FREEHOLD 1813995
************************Diagnostic information*************************
Number of data points: 1436
Effective number of parameters (2trace(S) - trace(S'S)): 350.3088
Effective degrees of freedom (n-2trace(S) + trace(S'S)): 1085.691
AICc (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002, p. 61, eq 2.33): 41982.22
AIC (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002,GWR p. 96, eq. 4.22): 41546.74
BIC (GWR book, Fotheringham, et al. 2002,GWR p. 61, eq. 2.34): 41914.08
Residual sum of squares: 2.528227e+14
R-square value: 0.8912425
Adjusted R-square value: 0.8561185
***********************************************************************
Program stops at: 2024-10-15 20:12:47.892756 Visualizing GWR
Adaptive
gwr_adaptive_output <- as.data.frame(
gwr_adaptive$SDF
) %>% select(-c(2:15))gwr_sf_adaptive <- cbind(condo_resale.sf,
gwr_adaptive_output)adaptive
glimpse(gwr_sf_adaptive)Rows: 1,436
Columns: 63
$ nb <nb> <66, 77, 123, 238, 239, 343>, <21, 162, 163, 19…
$ wt <list> <0.1666667, 0.1666667, 0.1666667, 0.1666667, …
$ POSTCODE <dbl> 118635, 288420, 267833, 258380, 467169, 466472…
$ SELLING_PRICE <dbl> 3000000, 3880000, 3325000, 4250000, 1400000, 1…
$ AREA_SQM <dbl> 309, 290, 248, 127, 145, 139, 218, 141, 165, 1…
$ AGE <dbl> 30, 32, 33, 7, 28, 22, 24, 24, 27, 31, 17, 22,…
$ PROX_CBD <dbl> 7.941259, 6.609797, 6.898000, 4.038861, 11.783…
$ PROX_CHILDCARE <dbl> 0.16597932, 0.28027246, 0.42922669, 0.39473543…
$ PROX_ELDERLYCARE <dbl> 2.5198118, 1.9333338, 0.5021395, 1.9910316, 1.…
$ PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA <dbl> 6.618741, 7.505109, 6.463887, 4.906512, 6.4106…
$ PROX_HAWKER_MARKET <dbl> 1.76542207, 0.54507614, 0.37789301, 1.68259969…
$ PROX_KINDERGARTEN <dbl> 0.05835552, 0.61592412, 0.14120309, 0.38200076…
$ PROX_MRT <dbl> 0.5607188, 0.6584461, 0.3053433, 0.6910183, 0.…
$ PROX_PARK <dbl> 1.1710446, 0.1992269, 0.2779886, 0.9832843, 0.…
$ PROX_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl> 1.6340256, 0.9747834, 1.4715016, 1.4546324, 0.…
$ PROX_TOP_PRIMARY_SCH <dbl> 3.3273195, 0.9747834, 1.4715016, 2.3006394, 0.…
$ PROX_SHOPPING_MALL <dbl> 2.2102717, 2.9374279, 1.2256850, 0.3525671, 1.…
$ PROX_SUPERMARKET <dbl> 0.9103958, 0.5900617, 0.4135583, 0.4162219, 0.…
$ PROX_BUS_STOP <dbl> 0.10336166, 0.28673408, 0.28504777, 0.29872340…
$ NO_Of_UNITS <dbl> 18, 20, 27, 30, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 34, 34…
$ FAMILY_FRIENDLY <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
$ FREEHOLD <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1…
$ LEASEHOLD_99YR <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
$ MLR_RES <dbl> -1489099.55, 415494.57, 194129.69, 1088992.71,…
$ Intercept <dbl> 2050011.67, 1633128.24, 3433608.17, 234358.91,…
$ y <dbl> 3000000, 3880000, 3325000, 4250000, 1400000, 1…
$ yhat <dbl> 2886531.8, 3466801.5, 3616527.2, 5435481.6, 13…
$ residual <dbl> 113468.16, 413198.52, -291527.20, -1185481.63,…
$ CV_Score <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
$ Stud_residual <dbl> 0.38207013, 1.01433140, -0.83780678, -2.846146…
$ Intercept_SE <dbl> 516105.5, 488083.5, 963711.4, 444185.5, 211962…
$ AREA_SQM_SE <dbl> 823.2860, 825.2380, 988.2240, 617.4007, 1376.2…
$ AGE_SE <dbl> 5889.782, 6226.916, 6510.236, 6010.511, 8180.3…
$ PROX_CBD_SE <dbl> 37411.22, 23615.06, 56103.77, 469337.41, 41064…
$ PROX_CHILDCARE_SE <dbl> 319111.1, 299705.3, 349128.5, 304965.2, 698720…
$ PROX_ELDERLYCARE_SE <dbl> 120633.34, 84546.69, 129687.07, 127150.69, 327…
$ PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA_SE <dbl> 56207.39, 76956.50, 95774.60, 470762.12, 47433…
$ PROX_MRT_SE <dbl> 185181.3, 281133.9, 275483.7, 279877.1, 363830…
$ PROX_PARK_SE <dbl> 205499.6, 229358.7, 314124.3, 227249.4, 364580…
$ PROX_PRIMARY_SCH_SE <dbl> 152400.7, 165150.7, 196662.6, 240878.9, 249087…
$ PROX_SHOPPING_MALL_SE <dbl> 109268.8, 98906.8, 119913.3, 177104.1, 301032.…
$ PROX_BUS_STOP_SE <dbl> 600668.6, 410222.1, 464156.7, 562810.8, 740922…
$ NO_Of_UNITS_SE <dbl> 218.1258, 208.9410, 210.9828, 361.7767, 299.50…
$ FAMILY_FRIENDLY_SE <dbl> 131474.73, 114989.07, 146607.22, 108726.62, 16…
$ FREEHOLD_SE <dbl> 115954.0, 130110.0, 141031.5, 138239.1, 210641…
$ Intercept_TV <dbl> 3.9720784, 3.3460017, 3.5629010, 0.5276150, 1.…
$ AREA_SQM_TV <dbl> 11.614302, 20.087361, 13.247868, 33.577223, 4.…
$ AGE_TV <dbl> -1.6154474, -9.3441881, -4.1023685, -15.524301…
$ PROX_CBD_TV <dbl> -3.22582173, -6.32792021, -4.62353528, 5.17080…
$ PROX_CHILDCARE_TV <dbl> 1.000488185, 1.471786337, -0.344047555, 1.5766…
$ PROX_ELDERLYCARE_TV <dbl> -3.26126929, 3.84626245, 4.13191383, 2.4756745…
$ PROX_URA_GROWTH_AREA_TV <dbl> -2.846248368, -1.848971738, -2.648105057, -5.6…
$ PROX_MRT_TV <dbl> -1.61864578, -8.92998600, -3.40075727, -7.2870…
$ PROX_PARK_TV <dbl> -0.83749312, 2.28192684, 0.66565951, -3.340617…
$ PROX_PRIMARY_SCH_TV <dbl> 1.59230221, 6.70194543, 2.90580089, 12.9836104…
$ PROX_SHOPPING_MALL_TV <dbl> 2.753588422, -0.886626400, -1.056869486, -0.16…
$ PROX_BUS_STOP_TV <dbl> 2.0154464, 4.4941192, 3.0419145, 12.8383775, 0…
$ NO_Of_UNITS_TV <dbl> 0.480589953, -1.380026395, -0.045279967, -0.44…
$ FAMILY_FRIENDLY_TV <dbl> -0.06902748, 2.69655779, 0.04058290, 14.312764…
$ FREEHOLD_TV <dbl> 2.6213469, 3.0452799, 1.1970499, 8.7711485, 1.…
$ Local_R2 <dbl> 0.8846744, 0.8899773, 0.8947007, 0.9073605, 0.…
$ geometry <POINT [m]> POINT (22085.12 29951.54), POINT (25656.…
$ geometry.1 <POINT [m]> POINT (22085.12 29951.54), POINT (25656.…summary(gwr_adaptive$SDF$yhat) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
171347 1102001 1385528 1751842 1982307 13887901 tmap_mode("view")tmap mode set to interactive viewingtmap_options(check.and.fix = TRUE)
tm_shape(mpsz)+
tm_polygons(alpha = 0.1) +
tm_shape(gwr_sf_adaptive) +
tm_dots(col = "Local_R2",
border.col = "gray60",
border.lwd = 1) +
tm_view(set.zoom.limits = c(11,14))Warning: The shape mpsz is invalid (after reprojection). See sf::st_is_validtmap_mode("plot")tmap mode set to plottingtmap_options(check.and.fix = TRUE)
tmap_mode("view")tmap mode set to interactive viewingAREA_SQM_SE <- tm_shape(mpsz)+
tm_polygons(alpha = 0.1) +
tm_shape(gwr_sf_adaptive) +
tm_dots(col = "AREA_SQM_SE",
border.col = "gray60",
border.lwd = 1) +
tm_view(set.zoom.limits = c(11,14))
AREA_SQM_TV <- tm_shape(mpsz)+
tm_polygons(alpha = 0.1) +
tm_shape(gwr_sf_adaptive) +
tm_dots(col = "AREA_SQM_TV",
border.col = "gray60",
border.lwd = 1) +
tm_view(set.zoom.limits = c(11,14))
tmap_arrange(AREA_SQM_SE, AREA_SQM_TV,
asp=1, ncol=2,
sync = TRUE)Warning: The shape mpsz is invalid (after reprojection). See sf::st_is_valid
Warning: The shape mpsz is invalid (after reprojection). See sf::st_is_validtmap_mode("plot")tmap mode set to plottingtm_shape(mpsz[mpsz$REGION_N=="CENTRAL REGION", ])+
tm_polygons()+
tm_shape(gwr_sf_adaptive) +
tm_bubbles(col = "Local_R2",
size = 0.15,
border.col = "gray60",
border.lwd = 1)Warning: The shape mpsz[mpsz$REGION_N == "CENTRAL REGION", ] is invalid. See
sf::st_is_valid